International intelligence agencies are examining reports of the possible use of artillery shells containing toxic or chemical substances by the Houthis in Yemen. During attacks in Taiz Governorate in late October 2026, several people reportedly suffered from breathing difficulties, symptoms of suffocation and loss of consciousness. So far, no independent analysis of the ammunition used or the substances released has been conducted.
According to the internationally recognised Yemeni government and military officials, Houthi forces used artillery shells in Taiz Governorate in late October that may have contained toxic or chemical substances. Reports indicate that civilians and combatants subsequently experienced respiratory problems, symptoms of suffocation and loss of consciousness.
The allegations are currently under investigation. According to reports, local authorities in Taiz and the Yemeni armed forces have launched emergency investigations. At the same time, they have called on the United Nations and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) to send experts to conduct an independent investigation.
Origin and Composition Remain Unclear
So far, there has been no independent confirmation of which substances were released during the alleged incidents. There is also no conclusive evidence as to whether the symptoms were actually caused by chemical warfare agents or whether such substances were contained in the artillery shells.
The origin of the suspected substances also remains unclear. A reliable assessment would require, among other things, forensic examinations of the ammunition and any possible chemical residues.
The Houthi authorities and groups aligned with them have rejected the allegations or offered alternative explanations. According to their claims, industrial facilities or paint factories may have been responsible for releasing toxic substances. These facilities were allegedly hit during attacks by coalition forces or opposing troops.
International Investigation Sought
The appeal to the UN and the OPCW aims to have the allegations investigated by independent experts. Only an analysis of the ammunition used, the residues and the medical findings could establish whether chemical substances were actually released and what caused the reported symptoms.
Until then, the alleged use of chemical warfare agents by the Houthis remains an unverified accusation. The alternative explanations put forward by Houthi-affiliated sources have likewise not been independently substantiated.
